Types of Mood Disorders Defined by the DSM

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) defines several types of mood disorders. Generally speaking, a mood disorder is a mental illness where a disturbance in affect, or emotional state, is the predominant feature.

The DSM lists two categories of mood disorders that are differentiated by the presence of absence of manic or hypomanic episodes. If these episodes are present, the mood disorder is classified as Bipolar I or Bipolar II.

Without manic episodes, the mood disorder may qualify as Major Depressive Disorder, a Major Depressive Episode, or Dysthymic Disorder. These disorders are defined by serious and sometimes recurrent episodes of sadness, lethargy, and various physical symptoms.

The DSM also specifies a category of substance-induced mood disorders. Both alcohol and sedatives can induce depression during the use of or withdrawal from the drug.